The APOE gene is best known for its association with Alzheimer’s disease, particularly the APOE4 variant, but its role is often misunderstood. APOE is not a gene that causes dementia. It is a gene involved in how the brain handles fats, inflammation, repair, and immune signalling over time. In the brain, apolipoprotein E supports cell membranes, synapses, vascular integrity, and the clearance of metabolic and inflammatory waste. When this system is less efficient, the brain becomes more vulnerable to cumulative stress - not suddenly, but gradually, across decades.

There are several common versions of the APOE gene, usually described as ε2, ε3, and ε4. APOE4 is associated with increased Alzheimer’s disease risk, while APOE2 is generally considered more protective. APOE3, the most common variant, has long been viewed as neutral, but recent research suggests it may still play a meaningful role in Alzheimer’s biology. What matters clinically is not the label of a single variant, but how APOE biology interacts with the rest of the system - particularly metabolism, vascular health, inflammation, sleep, and nervous system regulation.

This is why APOE is best understood as a risk-modifying gene, not a destiny gene. Many people with APOE4 never develop Alzheimer’s disease, while others without APOE4 do. Genetics sets sensitivity, not outcome. APOE influences how strongly the brain responds to blood sugar instability, insulin resistance, inflammatory load, oxidative stress, disrupted sleep, and chronic stress physiology. These are all modifiable factors, which is why prevention is both possible and meaningful.

Not only do I test your APOE gene in my clinic, and other risk factor genes in my clinic, I offer ways of staying healthy and preventing cognitive decline.

Explore my website, and you are welcome to contact me and start working with me to support you looking after your health on all levels. I am right here.